The relationship of genotype to phenotype is rarely as simple as the dominant and recessive patterns described by Mendel. As opposed to partial dominance, codominance occurs when the phenotypes of ...

University of Ferrara researchers in Italy have examined how European skin, eye and hair pigmentation evolved over the past ...

Given observed patterns of resemblance between parents ... it can generate deviations from expected genotype frequencies, and it can set the stage for natural selection to cause evolutionary ...