Second, we will use the example of the shade-avoidance response to illustrate the dynamics of plant hormone signaling for adaptation to a changing, often suboptimal environment. Spatial control of ...

For example, in a forest a pyramid of numbers might show a single tree feeding loads of caterpillars, which can feed several blue tits, which can feed a couple of hawks. But this doesn't look like ...

As in predator-prey interactions, this interaction drives adaptations in both the herbivore and the plant species it eats. For example, to reduce the damage done by herbivores, plants have evolved ...

Cerapodan body fossils, however, have been harder to come by. For some time, the oldest example was a 164-million-year-old ...