When a material's surface is bombarded with a beam of high-energy electrons or photons, it causes the ejection of core electrons from the atoms on the surface. This creates vacancies, leading to a ...

Figure 2: Three snapshots illustrating the dynamics of proton acceleration from the rear surface of a laser-irradiated ... accelerated in laser and electron beam wakefields. Based on radiation ...

In some cases, conventional water treatment techniques can even make the environmental contamination worse. In contrast, the electron beam actively ... it moves to the surface and extinguishes ...

Arising from an IAEA coordinated research project, this publication reports on research to develop new tools in food irradiation and to rapidly ascertain treatment parameters before irradiation, ...

(Image: Wikipedia Commons, CC-SA 3.0) In EBSD, a focused electron beam is directed at a tilted crystalline sample (usually tilted at 70° relative to the incident beam). As the electrons penetrate the ...

KERI also aims to have control technology that can perform multiple functions, including metal melting, material hardening, surface treatment, and coating to enable electron beam welding to be ...

It uses a scanning electron microscope equipped with a focused gallium ion beam to sequentially mill away the sample surface. In-column backscattered (EsB) and secondary electron (SE) detectors are ...

A new proposal uses an electron beam fired from a stable platform near ... past December—around 3.8 million miles from the solar surface. Because the probe was traveling at 430,000 miles per ...

Accelerators help in this effort by using charged particle beams to strike selected materials to either analyse or modify their surface, composition ... In Hubei Province, China, there is a ...