Coding sequences for the majority of chloroplast proteins have been lost, so these proteins are now encoded by the nuclear genome, synthesized in the cytoplasm, and transported from the cytoplasm ...

The paper focused on enzymes that help build the photosynthetic chloroplast membranes in plant cells. One of those enzymes is ...

More insight into the process could improve crop productivity WEST LAFAYETTE, Ind. — Purdue University scientists have discovered a key mechanism that regulates how plants develop chloroplasts, ...

Neurodegenerative diseases like Huntington’s disease pose significant challenges to modern medicine. Recent research has ...

Eukaryotic cells containing mitochondria then engulfed photosynthetic prokaryotes, which evolved to become specialized chloroplast organelles. Eukaryotic cells are more complex than prokaryotic ...

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Molecular markers, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and microsatellites, have been used to study cacao genetics, yet chloroplast genome data remain scarce. Plastid genomes provide ...