Method: Dip a glass rod in concentrated hydrochloric acid and put this in a sample of the gas. Result: If ammonia is present, a white ‘smoke’ of ammonium chloride is observed.

Ammonia, NH 3, is an alkaline gas and so turns damp red litmus paper blue. Ammonium ions (NH 4 +) – found in ammonium compounds such as ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate ...

To test out how this might work ... understanding of safety and sustainability, Abate says. Ammonia is a toxic industrial chemical, but it’s common enough for there to be established procedures ...

It consumes about 2% of global energy and releases around 2.4 tons (5,291 lb) of CO 2 for every ton (2,204 lb) of ammonia produced, making it the chemical industry's top CO 2 emitter. To test ...