But plant-based ‘bioplastics’ are not new. The first man-made plastic was made in 1862 using cellulose, the main component of plant cell walls, pre-dating the petroleum-based plastics that ...

(Credit: Thakur et al., 2024) This water-based ink was created by mixing TOCN (tempo-oxidized cellulose nanofiber), a 10.6 wt % aqueous CNC (cellulose nanocrystals) and lignin in a 15:142:10 ratio ...