(In other words, it is not a Red Herring to cite temporal succession as part of an argument for a causal conclusion.) We generally understand it as a necessary condition of A causing B that B occur ...

For example: "If you are a lawyer ... If the LSAT gives you a causal argument, it may ask you to find a flaw in it, or find evidence relevant to the validity of the argument, or identify ways ...

by using causal AI algorithms to ask what-if questions. For example, if a specific training program is implemented to improve teacher competency, by how much should we expect student math test scores ...