Significant left to right shunting can occur resulting in a high left ventricular cardiac output. Forward systemic flow can be reduced if the shunt is large resulting in symptoms of congestive ...

USA: The recent RELIEVE-HF trial has revealed the efficacy of transcatheter interatrial shunt implantation as a treatment for ...

This results in a net right to left cardiac shunt. Depending on the severity of right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, symptoms may be present at birth or delayed into early childhood.

All four patients had structural defects of the heart (atrial septal defect or patent foramen ovale), with right-to-left shunting demonstrable ... of hemostasis, cardiac anatomy, and vasculopathy ...