In addition to expenditure concerns, the latex agglutination test cannot always differentiate Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus oralis, or nontypeable pneumococci from typeable pneumococci.

On the outside of the pneumococci there is a capsule of polysaccharides, which in many ways resembles the spike protein we heard so much about during the COVID pandemic. This spike was also one of ...

Over the years, Avery's group had accumulated considerable biochemical expertise as they established that strains of pneumococci could be distinguished by the polysaccharides in their capsules and ...