A plasmid is a small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecule that is distinct from a cell's chromosomal DNA. Plasmids naturally exist in bacterial cells, and they also occur in some eukaryotes.

The effect of saccharin on the microbiome has received much attention, but its impact on pathogenic bacterial species is less ...

In this article, we discuss transformation, bacterial transformation in particular, and how scientists can utilize it to ...

Bacteria commonly produce toxins that are lethal to themselves, but also produce the required antitoxins. These toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems may be useful in modifying bacteria for biotechnology ...

Host cells activate cell death pathways in response to bacterial manipulation of innate immune signalling, but the molecular ...

Together this complex shuts off gene expression to keep the plasmid safe within its bacterial host. This newly discovered mechanism offers a fresh insight into long-range gene silencing in bacteria.

without having to cultivate individual bacterial organisms. However, the ability to confidently distinguish what is a plasmid ...

However, plasmid copy numbers can fluctuate, causing inconsistent gene expression within bacterial populations. By balancing CRISPR-Cas-mediated cutting and gene transfer, ADEPT dynamically ...