i.) The author pays tribute to Austro-Hungarian field rabbis (p. 228): "These were modest men, imbued with supranational loyalty to the empire, which made them count among the most loyal of the Kaiser ...

The word pogrom literally means "riot" in Russian. Commonly, the term describes the semi-official persecution of Jews in the Russian Empire that began in the early 1880s. With their situation in ...

The collapse of the Russian Empire created Poland, the Baltics, and Finland. The Austro-Hungarian Empire dissolved into Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia. When the Ottoman Empire ...