For example, the atomic number of sodium is 11. Every sodium atom has 11 protons and 11 electrons. It has 11 positive charges and 11 negative charges. The mass number of an atom is its total ...

For example, the mass number of argon atoms and calcium atoms can both be 40. The atomic number of a chlorine atom is 17 and its mass number is 35. Calculate the number of protons, neutrons and ...

All of these systems are made up of dissimilar materials that, where they join at the atomic scale, display very different behaviour from what might be expected of the bulk materials. Advances in ...