It also tells us that chlorine has 18 neutrons (35 - 17) and, as the number of electrons and protons are equal in a neutral atom, chlorine also has 17 electrons. The relative mass of a nucleus is ...

Scientists have long used Gaussian beams to study how light interacts with matter. These beams resemble plane waves and rely mostly on dipole-active transitions. Because atoms are much smaller than ...

Even when particles seem to shift in the blink of an eye, as with quantum entanglement, there are measurable intervals ...

Chinese scientists have recently achieved a breakthrough in the fabrication of single-atom-layer metal materials boasting a ...

Chemists reveal method for differentiating PCET mechanisms -- a key step for steering fundamental energy conversion and redox catalysis processes. Redox reactions form the basis of many ...

Researchers develop a nickel catalyst that converts carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide with 99% selectivity by precisely ...