that there arises a series of complications due to variations in the amount and effect of refraction, or in that of the plumb-line deflection, which have been by no means exhaustively investigated ...

A number of computationally economical approximate methods for atmospheric refractive bending and delay calculation are presented, appropriate for astronomical observations under these conditions. For ...

We demonstrate the importance of atmospheric differential refraction, present calculations to predict the effect of atmospheric differential refraction, and finally discuss the implications of ...

This phenomenon results from atmospheric refraction, where different wavelengths of light are bent by the atmosphere. Green light, with its shorter wavelength, can be separated from the rest of ...

Society urgently needs experts with a multidisciplinary education in Atmospheric and Earth System sciences. Climate change, urban air quality and extreme weather are matters of global concern which ...

Optical Data Downlinks from Low Earth Orbit satellites, through Directed Laser Beams, are prone to influences by the atmospheric index-of-refraction turbulence (IRT) and to satellite attitude ...