A layer of charged particles, called the ionosphere, surrounds Earth, extending from about 50 to 400 miles above the surface of the planet. Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for ...

Many human activities release polluting gases into the atmosphere, such as farming animals ... the outer core and the inner core. These layers each have different structures and properties.

The equatorial jet stream also contains titanium, a metal previously thought to be absent from WASP-121b's atmosphere but found to have been hiding in the planet's lower atmospheric layers.