The Katipunan had seals as graphic symbols of its libertarian aspirations, as explained by art curator and writer Lisa Guerrero Nakpil in her text, “The Last Seal of the Katipunan: Only Survivin ...

In 1892 Jose Rizal founded Liga Filipina, and in 1895 Andres Bonifacio organized the Katipunan, a fraternal brotherhood of Filipino nationalists committed to independence. Emilo Aguinaldo joined ...