Another global feature we want to study and try to forecast is the Arctic Oscillation (AO). This is a climate pattern that helps to determine the shifts in pressure between the Arctic and the mid ...

The Arctic Ocean (Figure 1), the smallest of the world's five major oceans, is about 4000km (2500 miles) long and 2400km (1500 miles) wide, about the size of the continental USA. It lies entirely ...

We'll cover two of them here. Whenever Iowa gets a cold air outbreak in winter, the Arctic Oscillation is usually involved. This pattern centers on low pressure around the North Pole — the ...