Incidence Algebra: An algebra associated with a partially ordered set, where the elements correspond to the intervals of the poset. Transformation Monoid: A set of transformations (functions ...

A translation is a movement of the graph either horizontally parallel to the \(x\)-axis or vertically parallel to the \(y\)-axis. The graph of \(f(x) = x^2\) is the same as the graph of \(y = x^2 ...