Tracheids are smaller than vessels in both diameter ... water around blockages via pits connecting adjacent functional conduits, and by growing new xylem to replace lost hydraulic capacity.

Water and minerals are transported up through the plant stem in xylem vessels. Xylem is a tissue consisting of dead, hollowed-out cells that form a system of pipes.

the most commonly used parameter to study xylem water transport), mean vessel diameter (MVD) and mean hydraulic diameter with ...

Root hair cell There are no top and bottom walls between xylem vessels, so there is a continuous ... Companion cells, adjacent to the sieve tubes provide energy required to transport substances ...